Innovation, sustainability, and critical practices in higher education: a multidisciplinary dialogue from the perspective of emerging countries

Abstract

We are currently living in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the proliferation of artificial intelligence, big data, robotics, 3D printing, connectivity, and more. There is no doubt that these technologies are redefining the way we work, live, and learn (Sánchez, 2019). As a result, educational systems are compelled to design curricula that evolve at the pace of technology and promote subjects such as mathematics, which equip students with coherent competencies to respond effectively to this context. Mexico is no exception to this need, given that the results of the latest PISA test administered in 2022 revealed a serious decline in meaningful mathematics learning. The students faced difficulties in formulating, applying, and interpreting mathematics to solve problems in everyday contexts. According to the OECD (2023), students from top-performing countries in the PISA test outperform Mexican students by nine years in academic achievement in mathematics. The importance of preparing citizens who are competent in the use and application of mathematics leads to understanding and utilizing new technological developments, formation of talent capable of developing cutting edge technology and patents, which promotes the economic growth of any country. Examples include those countries that rank highest in PISA: Singapore, China, Japan, Estonia, South Korea, and others. In 2019, the Mexican government promoted an educational reform that included strengthening mathematics learning subject, that has historically been a fundamental pillar in developing logical thinking, critical reasoning, and problem-solving skills. As a consequence, the "New Mexican School" (NEM for its acronym in Spanish) was introduced, a curricular proposal that led to new study plans and new textbooks for primary and secondary education (Osuna et al., 2024). Following the reform, the General Education Law mandates that curricula promote meaningful learning, critical thinking, and the development of life competencies (Diario Oficial de la Federación [DOF], 2019).